How are state powers protected within a federal system?

In a federal system, one of the fundamental principles is the division of powers between the federal government and the state governments. The correct choice emphasizes that the federal government cannot destroy or undermine the independent existence of the states. This principle is crucial because it ensures that states retain certain sovereign powers and responsibilities, allowing them to govern themselves in areas not exclusively reserved for the federal government.

The protection of state powers is vital for maintaining a balance between the different levels of government. This balance allows states to reflect the specific needs, cultures, and preferences of their populations. It also fosters a system of checks and balances, where states can operate independently and serve as laboratories for democracy, testing policies before they may be adopted on a national scale.

In contrast, the other options suggest a more subservient relationship wherein the states do not have autonomy or authority, which is not reflective of the structure and principles of a federal system. Therefore, the assertion that the federal government cannot undermine the states' independence encapsulates the essence of federalism.