What characterizes a federal system of government?

A federal system of government is characterized by the division of powers among various levels of government. This typically includes a national government that holds certain powers, while other powers are reserved for state or regional governments, and in some cases, local governments as well. This division allows for multiple authorities to govern different aspects and areas of public policy, creating a balance that can better serve a diverse population spread over a larger geographical area.

In a federal system, the constitution usually outlines the specific powers of each level of government, allowing for shared authority in certain areas and autonomy in others. This structure is aimed at preventing the concentration of power and promoting more localized governance, which can be more responsive to the needs of citizens within various regions.

Other choices do not accurately describe the features of a federal system. The concentration of power at the national level, equal power without divisions, and minimal citizen participation contradict the fundamental principles of federalism, which emphasize the distribution of authority and the importance of engaging citizens in governance processes.