What characterizes the structure of the adversary system?

The structure of the adversary system is characterized by a two-sided framework where opposing parties present their respective cases to an impartial judge or jury. This system relies heavily on the idea of contest between the litigants, each responsible for detailing their arguments, collecting evidence, and examining witnesses to persuade the judge or jury of their position. This method fosters a dynamic and vigorous exchange of differing perspectives, ensuring that each side has the opportunity to advocate for their interests and challenge the other side's claims.

The adversary system is foundational to many legal systems around the world, particularly in common law jurisdictions, and is designed to enhance the fairness of the trial process. The judge or jury remains neutral and plays the role of an arbiter, facilitating proceedings without taking an active role in shaping the case. This structure aims to uncover the truth through this adversarial process and is essential to upholding the rule of law and the rights of the parties involved.

The other choices do not accurately depict the adversary system. A single judge determining outcomes without opposition would lack the necessary competition that defines the system. Similarly, multiple judges assessing a case collaboratively implies a more inquisitorial approach, where judges take a proactive role in the proceedings rather than being neutral arbiters. Finally, allowing the