What occurs during jury deliberations in a criminal trial?

During jury deliberations in a criminal trial, the jury engages in discussions to evaluate the evidence presented throughout the trial and ultimately reach a verdict. This process involves reviewing the facts of the case, assessing the credibility of the witnesses, and interpreting the relevant laws as they apply to those facts. The jury must reach a consensus beyond a reasonable doubt regarding the guilt or innocence of the defendant. This critical stage emphasizes the jury's role as the fact-finder, ensuring that their decision is based solely on the information provided during the trial, rather than any new evidence or arguments outside of that context.

In contrast, final instructions from the judge take place prior to deliberations, not during them. New evidence cannot be presented by the defense attorney at this stage, as all evidence should have been submitted before the jury begins deliberating. Additionally, closing statements are delivered by both sides before the jury receives the case for deliberation, marking the conclusion of the trial's presentation of evidence and arguments, rather than being part of the deliberation process itself.