Which of the following was a reason for federation?

The correct answer focuses on the critical motivations behind Australia’s federation, which was formalized in 1901. The reasons for this unification included the desire for free trade among the colonies, as prior to federation, tariffs were imposed by individual states, hindering economic growth and collaboration. A unified national defense was also a pressing issue, with the colonies seeking to strengthen their military capabilities in response to potential threats. Immigration policies aimed at attracting skilled migrants and the concept of national pride were significant because the colonies wanted to establish a distinct identity separate from Britain, fostering unity among the diverse Australian states.

The other options, while related to governance and policy, do not capture the broader, multifaceted motivations that led to federation. Taxation equality is a narrower issue compared to the various aspects included in the correct answer. Increased immigration policies were a factor but were part of a larger conversation about national identity and defense. Uniform education standards, while beneficial, were not a central reason driving the federation compared to the comprehensive goals encapsulated in the correct choice.