Which statement best captures one of the principles of rule of law?

The principle of rule of law emphasizes that the law applies equally to all individuals, regardless of their status, and asserts that no one is above the law. The statement that it is supreme over the acts of both government and private persons encapsulates this principle perfectly. It signifies that every person, including those in positions of power, must adhere to the legal framework established by society. This ensures accountability and prevents arbitrary governance, reinforcing the idea that laws govern the actions of every individual, whether a private citizen or a government official.

In contrast, the other statements do not accurately reflect the essence of the rule of law. The first statement implies that law is contingent solely on popular vote, which undermines the stability needed for a functioning legal system. The third statement suggests that rule of law is subject to variations based on social or cultural norms, which would lead to inconsistency and potentially unjust applications of the law. Finally, the last statement limits the application of law strictly to governmental institutions, neglecting the crucial idea that individuals and entities must also operate within the bounds of the law. The correct statement reinforces the idea of universal applicability and supremacy of law in all circumstances.